Wednesday, September 4, 2013

Toulmin Model of Argumentation

Once upon a time, there was a British philosopher and educator named Stephen Toulmin who was interested in the construction and analysis of arguments. He introduced what's now recognized as the Toulmin Model. I think it'll provide some helpful direction in not only our Thinking & Writing assignment but any critical analysis of media or communication we engage in. Here 'tis...
  1. Claim - AKA the thesis, the main idea, the primary point you're trying to make. What's the claim that A.O. Scott makes about Avengers in the review we read? In your own work, is there a primary idea driving your writing?
  2. Data - the grounds for your claim, your proof. The type of data you include (in our case narrative elements or aesthetic attributes of a media text, our personal experiences with it, our knowledge of the author or the institution behind its creation, our analysis of audience responses to it, etc.) will depend on your claim. What evidence does Scott provide to support his argument? Is your own claim grounded in some kind of proof?
  3. Warrant - the link between your data and your claim, proof that your proof is relevant and proof that your claim is justified based on your proof. (And sometimes you even need to prove that your warrant is legit as well--that's called Backing--but we won't go that far down the rabbit hole yet). Does Scott justify how his data supports his claim? Can you articulate why the evidence you provide legitimately supports your argument?
  4. Rebuttal - disclaimers, qualifiers, acknowledgments of any exceptions to your initial claim. Does Scott respond to any possible counter-arguments? In your writing, do you consider opposing claims or at least acknowledge potential limitations to your argument.
Now, let's argue about something together.


I'm Glad I'm a Boy! I'm Glad I'm a Girl!
By Whitney Darrow Jr.
Boys are Cub Scouts. Girls are Brownies.
Boys invent things. Girls use what boys invent.
Boys are strong. Girls are graceful.
Boys are handsome. Girls are beautiful.
Boys have trucks. Girls have dolls.
Boys are doctors. Girls are nurses.
Boys are policemen. Girls are metermaids.
Boys are football players. Girls are cheerleaders.
Boys are pilots. Girls are stewardesses.
Boys are heroes.
Girls are heroines.
Boys are Presidents. Girls are First Ladies.
Boys fix things. Girls need things fixed.
Boys can eat. Girls can cook.
Boys are grooms. Girls are brides.
Boys are fathers. Girls are mothers.
Boys build houses. Girls keep houses.
I'm glad you're a girl! I'm glad you're a boy!


Does anyone care to make a claim about this little story? Let's use Toulmin's model to guide us in drafting our own argument.

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